Would anyone believe that thinking is not as central part of the science classroom? Who would not emphasize thinking in the science classroom? Unfortunately research studies indicate that the predominant strategy used in science classes is recitation, with the teacher in control. What impact will this strategy have on student thinking? In most cases this form of teaching will reinforce memorization and rote learning. An example of this is reported by Anderson and Smith when they have noted that student can pass a chapter quiz on photosynthesis and still not understand that plants make their own food.

In this chapter we will explore teaching strategies in the context of how they influence and facilitate student thinking. The first set of strategies will be explored in terms of their impact on students' ability to think critically and creatively. We will explore strategies such as questioning, structured discussions and debates, field trips and role playing.

Thinking in science can also be facilitated by reading and writing strategies. However, many students have trouble comprehending contemporary secondary science textbooks. What strategies can be utilized to solve this problem? We'll examine language abilities and skills strategies that aid student learning in science.

We will also explore strategies that will foster independent thinking among secondary students. How can students be empowered to be thinkers in their own right? We'll examine science process skills more carefully, as well as the nature of problem solving, and make some connections to science projects and science fairs.

Finally, we'll consider how the computer can be instrumental in enhancing student thinking in the science classroom. We'll examine the computer as a medium to enhance student's scientific skills, along with its power to help students write, communicate and do research.

PREVIEW QUESTIONS

• What teaching strategies can be used to foster critical and creative thinking among students?

• How can the communications skills of reading and writing in the science classroom be improved?

• What strategies aid student independent and collaborative thinking?

• How can computer technologies be used to enhance thinking in science?